Recent work suggests that female song was the norm for the ancestors of modern songbirds. And many female birds still sing today: It is estimated that female song occurs in about two-thirds of all songbird species. Despite the increased documentation of female birdsong in recent years, questions remain about its function. Male songbirds use song most often to attract mates and defend territories. Why do females sing?

A new study of seagull families shows that baby bird embryos eavesdrop on conversations between their parents from inside the egg. What’s more, researchers found that what the embryos overhear during this small window has long-lasting biological and behavioral effects.

Read more at my Animal Minds blog: Bird Embryos Eavesdrop on Their Parents.

To protect freshwater crocodiles from deadly invasive cane toads, scientists at Macquarie University collaborated with Bunuba Indigenous rangers and the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA) in Western Australia. The team came up with a strategy that proved successful: They taught wild crocodiles to associate cane toads with a bout of food poisoning.

Read about the project at my Animal Minds blog: A Surprising Way to Fight Invasive Species.

Every year of schooling increases life expectancy, according to an analysis of hundreds of scientific studies from around the world. More years of education leads to longer lives, regardless of age or socio-demographic background.

Read more about the study at the Science Journal for Kids: Does education affect how long we live?

Arash Salavitabar, MD, director of The Heart Center XR Program at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, believes extended reality (XR) has the potential to revolutionize how clinicians, trainees and patients understand congenital heart disease. With colleagues at Nationwide Children’s and around the world, he is working to integrate and validate the impact of XR on patient experience, training and procedural preparation.

Read more: Extended Reality Offers New Ways to View Congenital Heart Disease.